Likewise, when the adjective δίκαιος refers it to persons it generally signifies what they are coram Deo. In such instances it is not merely “rectitude” that is in view, but “vindicated rectitude,” i.e. the outcome of judgment.54 Yet there is at least some precedent for Paul’s usage in Josephus in that the latter uses δικαίωσις to refer to an action (Ant. 18.14, 18.315) as is arguably the case with Paul (Rom 4:25; Rom 5:18). With respect to the much-discussed instances in which Paul speaks of “the